A kind of tree

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

spătha, ae, f., = spathê.

A broad, flat, wooden instrument for stirring any liquid, a spattle, spatula, Col. 12, 42, 3; Plin. 34, 11, 26, § 111; Scrib. Comp. 45; Cels. 7, 12 fin.; 8, 15.—

A batten, or broad piece of wood, used by the early weavers for driving home the threads of the woof or tram, Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—

A broad, two-edged sword without a point (the Italian spada), Veg. Mil. 2, 15; Tac. A. 12, 35 fin.; App. M. 1, p. 103, 39; 9, p. 236, 28; Spart. Hadr. 10; Capitol. Max. jun. 3; Tert. Cult. Fem. 13.—

A spathe of a palmtree, Plin. 16, 26, 48, § 112.—

A kind of tree, called also elate, Plin. 23, 5, 53, § 99; Scrib. Comp. 269 (called also spathe, Plin. 12, 28, 62, § 134 al.).

tūber, ĕris, n. [from root tum, tumeo], a hump, bump, swelling, tumor, protuberance on animal bodies, whether natural or caused by disease.

Lit.:

cameli,

Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 67:

boum,

id. 8, 45, 70, § 179:

tubera... anserino adipe curantur,

tumors, id. 30, 12, 33, § 107; so id. 22, 24, 50, § 107; 26, 14, 87, § 139 al.; cf.: colaphis tuber est totum caput, is one boil, i. e. is full of boils, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 37.—Prov.:

ubi uber, ibi tuber,

there are no roses without thorns, App. Flor. p. 359, 29: qui ne tuberibus propriis offendat amicum Postulat, ignoscet verrucis illius, boils... warts, for great and slight faults, Hor. S. 1, 3, 73. —

Transf., of plants.

A knob, hard excrescence on wood:

tuber utrumque arboris ejus,

Plin. 16, 16, 27, § 68; 16, 43. 84, § 231; 25, 8, 54, § 95.—

A kind of mushroom, a truffle, moril, a favorite article of food among the Romans, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 33:

tenerrima verno esse,

id. 19, 3, 13, § 37 sq.; Juv. 5, 116; 5, 119; 14, 7; Mart. 13, 50, 2.—

Tuber terrae.

Mole-hill, as a term of abuse, Petr. 58.—

Another name for the cyclaminon, Plin. 25, 9, 67, § 115.

tŭber, ĕris, m. and f.

Fem., a kind of apple-tree, Plin. 16, 25, 42, § 103; Col. 11, 2, 11; Pall. Jan. 15, 20; id. Sept. 14, 1.—

Masc., the fruit of this tree, Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47; Mart. 13, 42, 1; 13, 43, 2; Suet. Dom. 16.

sapīnus ( sapp-), i, f.

Lit., a kind of fir- or pine-tree, Cato ap. Plin. 16, 39, 75, § 193; Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 4; Plin. 16, 12, 23, § 61; cf. id. 15, 10, 9, § 36 (al. sappium).—

Transf., the lower, smooth part of the fir-tree, Vitr. 1, 2, 8; 1, 2, 9; Plin. 16, 39, 76, § 196.

sapīnus ( sapp-), i, f.

Lit., a kind of fir- or pine-tree, Cato ap. Plin. 16, 39, 75, § 193; Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 4; Plin. 16, 12, 23, § 61; cf. id. 15, 10, 9, § 36 (al. sappium).—

Transf., the lower, smooth part of the fir-tree, Vitr. 1, 2, 8; 1, 2, 9; Plin. 16, 39, 76, § 196.

* * *

* * *

ărānĕus, i, m. [arachnos].

A spider, Lucr. 3, 383; Cat. 23, 2:

aranei (apibus) hostiles,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

araneorum natura,

id. 11, 24, 28, § 79:

aranei textura,

Sen. Ep. 121, 22 al. —

A sea-fish: Draco trachinus, Linn.; Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 145.

ărānĕus, a, um, adj. [1. araneus].

A.. Pertaining to the spider, spider's-:

genus,

Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 156:

texta,

id. 29, 4, 27, § 86.—Hence,

Subst.: ărā-nĕum, i, n., a spider's web, = arachnion:

tollere haec aranea quantum est laboris?

Phaedr. 2, 8, 23.—

A disease of the vine and of the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 36, § 7.—

Araneus mus, a kind of small mouse, acc. to some the shrew-mouse, Col. 6, 17, 1; Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 227.

Ătīnĭus, a, um, adj.

Name of a Roman gens, e. g. C. Atinius Labeo, etc.—

Derivv.

Atinia lex, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42; Gell. 17, 7; Dig. 41, 3, 4; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 381.—

Atinia ulmus, a kind of elm-tree, the loose-flowering elm: Ulmus effusa, Willd.; Col. 5, 6, 2 and 9; id. Arb. 16, 1; Plin. 16, 17, 29, § 72.

bălănus, i, f. and rarely m. ( masc., [p. 220] Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48; 15, 23, 25, § 93; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9; cf. Rudd. I. p. 31), = balanos.

Lit., an acorn:

glans,

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 21; 17, 20, 34, § 151; 13, 4, 9, § 42.—

Transf.

A kind of large chestnut, Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 93.—

The Phœnician and Cilician date, Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48.—

A nut yielding a balsam; the Arabian behen- or ben-nut:

Hyperanthera semidecandra, Vahl. (called myrobalanus,

Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 100; 22, 20, 23, § 49):

pressa tuis balanus capillis,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 4.—Also for the tree itself, Plin. 13, 9, 17, § 61.—

In gen., any object in the form of an acorn.

Medic. t., a suppository, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 43; 24, 6, 21, § 31; 26, 8, 34, § 54; Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 12.—

A shell-fish, a species cf sea-mussel, Col. 8, 16, 7; Plin. 32, 11, 53, § 145; Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 8; Metell. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9.